Tamil people

 Tamil, people from South India who speak Tamil, one of the main languages ​​of the Dravidian family. Tell around 64 million in the early 21st century (including around 3 million speakers in North and East Sri Lanka), Tamil speakers form the majority of the population of Tamil Nadu and also inhabit Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, all located in the south-third of India . Tamil emigrants can be found in several parts of Madagascar, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar (Burma), Indochina, Thailand, East Africa, South Africa, Fiji Islands and Mauritius, and West Indies.


The Tamil area in India is the center of traditional Hinduism. The Tamil School of Personal Religion (Bhakti) has long been important in Hinduism, immortalized in the literature originating from the 6th century CE. Buddhism and Jainism are widespread among Tamil, and these religious literature precedes the early Bhakti literature in the Tamil area. Even though Tamil is currently mostly Hindu, there are Christians, Muslims, and Jain among them. In the past recently, the Tamil area is also home from the Dravidian movement which calls for descentdation and Debrahmanization of Tamil, language, and literature.


Tamil has a long history of achievement; Sea travel, city life, and trade seem to have developed earlier among them. Tamil trading with ancient Greeks and Rome was verified by proof of literature, linguistics and archaeological. Tamil has the oldest Dravidian language cultivated, and their rich literary traditions extend to the early Christian era. The Chera, Chola, Pandya Dynasty, and Pallava ruled in the Tamil area before Empire Vijayanagar extended his hegemonya in the 14th century, and dynasties before producing many major kingdoms. Under them Tamil people build great temples, irrigation tanks, dams, and roads, and they play an important role in Indian cultural transmission to Southeast Asia. Chola, for example, is known for the strength of their navy and brought Malay kingdom from Sri Vijaya under their Suzerainty at 1025 CE. Although the Tamil area is culturally integrated with all of India for a long time, politically for most of the time of a separate entity until the emergence of the British government in India.


Tamil in Sri Lanka today is from various groups and caste, even though they are dominated by Hindus. Called Ceylon Tamil, which is about two thirds of them, concentrated in the northern part of the island. They are relatively educated, and many of them hold clerical and professional positions. The one called Tamil India Sri Lanka was brought there by England in the 19th and 20th centuries as workers in the tea area, and they were considered foreigners with other ethnic groups. Ceylon and Indian Tamil are held under different caste systems and have small social relations with each other.


In the 1980s, growing tensions between Ceylon Tamil and the majority of Buddha Sinhala in Sri Lanka encouraged Tamil guerrillas to carry out guerrilla warfare against the central government in the hope of creating a separate Tamil state for themselves in the north and the northeast. Tamil rebel organizations, the release of Tamil Eelam, continued their rebellion to the 21st century. The government's main attack in 2009 stormed the last Tiger Tiger fortress and destroyed organizational leadership. It is estimated that 80,000 people were killed in battle.

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